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];
我们在马路上开车时，都会通过前后车的灯光来判断对方车辆的位置和动态。例如车辆前后的示宽灯，可以在夜间让其他驾驶员知道车辆的大概宽度和所处位置；转向灯则可以在转弯、调头、并线时提醒周围车辆进行避让；至于刹车灯则可以在减速时提醒后车，避免出现追尾事故。
可随着马路上的电动车越来越多，我相信不少人都有这样的感觉，在跟着电动车行驶时，一直保持合适的跟车距离是非常困难的，时不时就会出现前车刹车灯并未亮起，但跟车距离却突然变近的情况。之所以会出现这种情况，主要是因为大部分电动车都会使用动能回收控制车速，提高续航里程并降低刹车系统的损耗。但是，很多车在动能回收时并不会点亮刹车灯，最终导致上述情况的发生。
想必这时不少读者应该会有这样一个疑问，为什么动能回收不会点亮刹车灯？在回答这个问题之前，我们先要搞清楚刹车灯是如何点亮的。简单来说，在车辆的刹车踏板连杆上有个开关，驾驶员踩下刹车踏板后，开关就会打开，刹车灯便会点亮。此外，如果大家仔细观察过就会发现，配备ACC自适应巡航的车型，在开启ACC后车辆减速时，刹车踏板也会向下运动，同样会点亮刹车灯。
从刹车灯的工作原理上可以看出，即使在汽车高度电控化、集成化的今天，刹车灯的点亮方式依然是通过简单可靠的纯机械方式进行控制的，可见刹车灯在汽车上到底有多么重要。但其纯机械的点亮方式也意味着，当车主通过抬起“电门踏板”的方式使用动能回收减速时，刹车灯必然也是不会点亮的。
开过电动车的朋友都知道，目前大功率动能回收产生的制动力，基本上是可以满足日常大部分减速需求的。如果是具备单踏板模式的电动车，可以做到0.3-0.4g左右的减速度，在某些红绿灯路段，甚至还会出现制动力过大，不得不再重新加速的情况。但是，由于动能回收减速时驾驶员并没有踩下刹车踏板，所以刹车灯不会点亮，这时就会出现前车快速减速，但后车并没有看见刹车灯亮起，最终导致追尾事故的发生。
更关键的是，在发生追尾事故时，后车其实并不会有太大影响，因为现在的汽车前部都拥有各种缓冲吸能结构，并且零件也都可以比较方便地替换。而作为前车的电动车，在被追尾后很容易导致车辆的后翼子板、后防撞梁等位置损坏，尤其是后翼子板是无法更换的车身结构件，一旦发生严重损害，就只能通过切割拼接的方式维修，最终导致车辆变成“大事故车”，严重影响二手车的保值率。此外，如果后车能够提供你在减速时刹车灯不亮的证据（毕竟现在大家都有行车记录仪），那么根据《道路交通安全法》，被追尾的前车也承担次要责任。
看到这应该会有朋友反驳了：“我也开电动车，我的车在动能回收的时候刹车灯可以亮啊？”这就是目前的问题所在了，市面上电动车种类繁多，有些车在动能回收时刹车灯不亮，有些却又能亮，并没有统一。事实上，这个原因还得归结到强制性的国家标准上。目前对于汽车制动系统的要求国标为GB21670-2008，也就是说整套国标是在2008年颁布的。其中，关于刹车灯点亮的4.2.21.6部分中，关于“电制动”与刹车灯之间的关系是这样写的：“在松开加速踏板时产生制动力的电力再生式制动系不应发出上述指令”。也就是说，根据国标的要求来看，使用动能回收给车辆进行制动时，是不应该点亮刹车灯的，所以车企在造车的时候也就没必要在动能回收时点亮刹车灯了。这样的国标也是情有可原，毕竟在14年前，电动车的动能回收并没有达到现在这样的强度。
根据网上搜集的一些信息和车主反馈来看，比亚迪汉、唐、元Pro等上市有一段时间的车型，在动能回收时是不会亮刹车灯的。此外，像是帝豪EV 、部分北汽的电动车在动能回收时也是不会点亮刹车灯的。
然而，根据汉语里对“不应”的解释除了“不应该”外，还有“不须”的第二种解释，而“不须”又有“不用、不必”的意思，所以如果某些车企业在动能回收时点亮了刹车灯，也并非不符合国标。再加上，不少车企也意识到了动能回收不亮刹车灯的危险，因此现如今也有不少车在动能回收时会点亮刹车灯。比如比亚迪的海豚、秦PLUSEV，小鹏、蔚来以及大部分合资或者进口纯电动车型，都会在动能回收时点亮刹车灯。这些车企这么做，除了安全性需求外，也跟欧洲的法规有关。
在2009年9月，多家国际汽车制造商组织专家向欧盟提交了修改欧盟法规对于刹车点亮的意见，建议增加驾驶员抬起油门踏板后带来动能回收时，应该在一定减速力度的情况下点亮刹车灯，这项提议最终在2015年6月的欧盟汽车刹车标准中推出。按照欧盟的规定，车辆减速度小于等于0.7m/s²时不应该点亮刹车灯，减速度大于0.7m/s²，小于等于1.3m/s²时可以点亮刹车灯；大于1.3m/s²时必须点亮刹车灯。
这时大家肯定好奇，为什么是将标准设定到1.3m/s²，而非1.5m/s²或者1m/s²呢？这就不得不提到传统燃油车的发动机制动了。在专家提交的修改意见中，参考了一台普通5速柴油车在各个挡位、各个速度单独使用发动机制动的减速度图（上图）。在表中我们可以发现，除了35km/h时的1挡和5挡150km/h时，发动机制动减速度会超过0.7m/s²外，剩余挡位的减速度都不会超过0.7m/s²。并且时速超过200km/h以后使用5挡发动机制动，其减速度也不过1.2m/s²。而在发动机制动的情况下，刹车灯是不会点亮的。因此，专家们以发动机制动最大减速度为基准，将强制点亮刹车灯的标准，定在了比1.2m/s²更大的1.3m/s²。
那么1.3m/s²的减速度是什么概念呢？我们通过公式来算一下它的减速度g值。根据公式1g的加速度=9.8m/s²，就可以通过1.3÷9.8计算得出1.3m/s²≈0.13g。也就是说，减速度大于0.13g时必须要亮刹车灯，而大部分电动车极限动能回收减速度都在0.3-0.4g左右，所以电动车在使用动能回收时，亮起刹车是非常必要的。
虽然给出了大家更加熟悉的g值减速度，但我相信还是有不少人对这个g值没有太强烈的概念。读过初中物理的朋友都知道，1.3m/s²的减速度其实就相当于1秒钟速度减少1.3m/s，而1m/s=3.6km/h，所以1.3m/s=4.68km/h。也就是说，当车速每秒下降4.68km/h，或者用时10秒从大约47km/h刹停的感受，就是1.3m/s²或者0.13g的减速度。
如果你依旧没有概念的话，可以去试驾一下大众的ID系列。把挡位从D挡切换到B挡（动能回收挡），再彻底松开油门后，大众ID系列的最大减速度为1.5m/s²，也就是大约0.153g左右，基本上等同于动能回收亮刹车灯的阈值减速度。我相信，在你试驾完后不仅会对0.13g的减速度有概念，同时也会彻底明白电动车动能回收为什么要用刹车灯了。
至于动能回收点亮刹车灯的实现方法，则是通过ECU进行控制，当ECU检测到电机开始“反拖”，启动动能回收后，便会通过车辆内置的角速度传感器测量当前的减速度g值是否超过0.13g，从而决定是否要点亮刹车灯。不过由于整套系统需要时间进行通信和判断，再加上电动车的动能回收力度在抬开油门踏板后也是线性增加的关系，因此即使遵守了欧盟0.13g点亮刹车的法规，电动车在开始减速时也并非像踩刹车踏板之后立刻点亮刹车灯，而是等待减速度大于0.13g且判断成功后才会点亮刹车灯，是存在一定的延迟。但相比起完全不亮刹车灯，还是要好上不少的。
看到这里，大家可以发现欧盟的标准确实更紧跟时代发展。但是大家也不要对国标失望，因为早在2020年9月份，针对GB 21670《乘用车制动系统技术要求及试验方法》的修订就已经开始了，其中就加入了与欧盟一样的动能回收点亮刹车灯减速度要求。不过，就像欧洲从建议到实施经历了7年时间一样，作为要经过多方面考量的国家强制性标准，新版的GB 21670国标必然也不能在修订之后就开始实行，目前比较可靠的消息为这套全新的乘用车制动国标，将会在2024年正式实行。
